Water & Environmental

Control of microorganisms is critical for activities ranging from screening water quality for public health to monitoring water quality for industrial, agricultural and environmental operations.  Water microbiology concerns the examination of predominantly bacteria, although other microbes such as fungi, algae or protozoa can also proliferate.

Bacteria can grow in the water as free-swimming (planktonic) bacteria, or as multi-cellular growths at pipe or tank surfaces (these three-dimensional growths are known as biofilms).  The formation of biofilms is not only unsightly; it can cause system malfunction due to severe fouling and accelerated corrosion of metals.  Bacteria biofilms are also more resistant to antimicrobial chemicals, as the bacteria are embedded within an extracellular polymer, which helps protect them.  Formation of biofilms can also lead to microbiologically influenced corrosion, which compromises the structural integrity of water distribution networks, resulting in leaks, reduced flow, and higher maintenance costs.

The growth of microorganisms can negatively impact water quality, infrastructure integrity, and regulatory compliance.  The proliferation of bacteria in water may present a health risk, as some species of bacteria can cause human infections.  The microbiological quality of waters can be assessed by measuring the total number of microorganisms in the water, or by testing for specific indicator microbes such as Coliforms or Pseudomonas.  Various agencies setting environmental standards that uphold water quality will specify the types and numbers of microbes that can be tolerated in waters.

In addition to water treatment and distribution, systems like wastewater management, irrigation, and environmental monitoring also face risks from microbial contamination and corrosion.  Wastewater facilities are particularly vulnerable to microbiologically influenced corrosion, which damages metal structures and equipment, increasing operational costs due to frequent repairs.  Irrigation systems can experience efficiency reductions and blockages from biofilms, adversely affecting water availability for agriculture.

Maintaining high water quality is crucial for protecting health, supporting industrial infrastructure and sustaining ecosystems. Effective water management requires ongoing microbial monitoring, especially as climate change and pollution intensify.  The sector is also adopting preventative strategies, including use of disinfectants and biocides, routine testing, and corrosion-resistant materials.  As concerns about water scarcity and pollution grow, effective asset management and microbial control are essential for maintaining safe and sustainable water systems.